Chapter 19 - Vulnerability of Planted Forests to Biotic and Abiotic Disturbances

by PETER D. GADGIL and JOHN BAIN


Aerial view of Kaingaroa Forest, central North Island, New Zealand.
Pinus radiata, (age 24) in Kaingaroa Forest.
Pinus radiata, (age approx. 7) recently pruned and thinned in Kaingaroa Forest.
Pinus radiata, (age 3) in Lake Taupo Forest, central North Island, New Zealand.

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